Tuesday 30 December 2014

HOW GASES MOVE IN PLANTS? – RICE AS MODEL SPECIES




Rice is a semi-aquatic model crop grown widely in regions of seasonal rainfall. Therefore, submergence is one of the most common abiotic stresses that result in reduced oxygen supply for respiration at night. This in turn reduces the rate of respiration at night resulting in decreased survival of rice plants.

So rice plants adapted to use the oxygen released during underwater photosynthesis, which forms a gas film layer around these submerged leaves. This physiological adaptation is supported by the super-hydrophobic leaves that have a thicker cuticle with increased permeability. These two traits enhance oxygen exchange to submerged shoot regions at night.

In this specific study, the influence of gas film layer on the rate of oxygen transport and resistance to oxygen transport was measured against variabilities in stomatal characteristics, cuticle permeability and thickness of diffusive boundary layer (standing water or bulk water). The use of 3D simulation modelling for this study is a very novel experimental approach and highlights a turning point in plant physiological studies.

The scientists concluded from the hypothetical results that there is a 22 fold reduction in the resistance against oxygen transport rate due to the presence of gas film layers in submerged rice leaves with high cuticle permeability and fully open stomata. This model also predicted the direction of oxygen transport through open stomata to be perpendicular and through closed stomata to be oblique.

Hence these adaptations confirm that rice crop have better survival strategy in regions with seasonal inundation problem and thus can serve as the crop of choice for rotation during wet season.


Reference: VERBOVEN, P., PEDERSEN, O., HO, Q. T., NICOLAI, B. M. and COLMER, T. D. (2014), The mechanism of improved aeration due to gas films on leaves of submerged rice. Plant, Cell & Environment, 37: 2433–2452. doi: 10.1111/pce.12300

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